Molecular Formula: C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅
Molecular Weight: 3108.315 g/mol
Sequence: Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn
Purity: >99%
Vial Size: 3mg
Storage: -20°C, protect from light
Product Overview
Thymosin Alpha-1 represents revolutionary immunomodulatory peptide technology designed for comprehensive immune system, cancer, and infectious disease research applications. Originally isolated from calf thymus tissue in 1977, this FDA-approved 28-amino acid synthetic peptide demonstrates unparalleled ability to restore and enhance immune function through T-cell maturation pathways and toll-like receptor activation. Unlike broad immunosuppressants, Thymosin Alpha-1 specifically targets immune dysfunction while maintaining physiological balance.
Revolutionary Immune Mechanism
Thymosin Alpha-1 functions as a pleiotropic immune modulator, primarily targeting toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-9 in both myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The peptide activates NF-κB and JNK/P38/AP1 signaling pathways, stimulating production of interferon-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and other critical cytokines. This mechanism promotes T-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells into functional CD4+/CD8+ effector cells while enhancing natural killer cell activity and dendritic cell antigen presentation.
Primary Research Applications
Cancer Research
Extensive clinical validation demonstrates significant anti-tumor efficacy across multiple malignancies including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Studies show enhanced progression-free survival when combined with dacarbazine, improved immune surveillance against metastases, and reduced tumor growth through immune system activation. Research applications include investigating tumor immunology, cancer vaccine development, and combination therapy optimization.
Hepatitis B & C Studies
FDA-approved for chronic hepatitis treatment in 35 countries with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Research shows improved sustained virological response rates, enhanced vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised patients, and reduced progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Applications include viral clearance mechanisms, immune restoration studies, and antiviral combination therapy research.
Sepsis & Critical Care Research
Clinical trials demonstrate 41% reduction in 28-day mortality through immune function restoration and inflammatory modulation. Studies show reduced organ dysfunction, improved immune cell counts, and enhanced pathogen clearance. Research applications encompass sepsis pathophysiology, immune exhaustion reversal, and critical care immunomodulation.
HIV & Immunodeficiency Studies
Research demonstrates enhanced CD8+ T-cell function, improved viral suppression factors, and restored immune regulation in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. Applications include investigating immune reconstitution, latent viral reactivation prevention, and therapeutic vaccine enhancement in immunocompromised populations.
Neurological Enhancement Research
Studies demonstrate cognitive improvements through GABA level modulation, enhanced neurodevelopment in cerebral palsy models, and improved memory formation. Research shows upregulated genes responsible for neuronal growth and synaptic connectivity while reducing neuroinflammation pathways.
Mechanism of Action
T-Cell Enhancement: Direct promotion of precursor stem cell differentiation into CD4+/CD8+ effector cells
Dendritic Activation: TLR-mediated stimulation of antigen presentation and immune surveillance
Cytokine Modulation: Increased IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12 production with reduced inflammatory cytokines
NK Cell Stimulation: Enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity against infected and malignant cells
Anti-Apoptotic Effects: Prevention of steroid-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and immune suppression
Vaccine Enhancement: Improved immunogenicity and duration of protective immunity
Research Advantages
Clinical Validation: FDA-approved with extensive Phase III trial data across multiple indications
Multi-Target Action: Simultaneous effects on T-cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and cytokine networks
Safety Profile: Well-tolerated with minimal adverse effects in thousands of patients
Broad Applications: Effective across immune deficiency, cancer, infectious disease, and neurological research
Synergistic Effects: Enhanced efficacy when combined with vaccines, chemotherapy, and antiviral agents
Rapid Onset: Measurable immune improvements within hours to days of administration
Global Recognition: Approved therapeutic agent providing clinical translation foundation
Quality Specifications
Every Thymosin Alpha-1 batch undergoes comprehensive quality control:
HPLC-MS purity analysis confirming >99% purity
Complete amino acid sequence verification
Molecular weight confirmation at 3108.315 g/mol
CAS number validation (62304-98-7)
Endotoxin testing (<0.1 EU/mg)
Bioactivity assays using immune cell activation protocols
Certificate of Analysis provided with shipment
Storage & Reconstitution
Store lyophilized powder at -20°C in sealed vials. Protect from light and humidity. Reconstitute with sterile bacteriostatic water immediately before use. Once reconstituted, use within 24 hours or store at -80°C for short-term applications. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to maintain immunomodulatory potency and TLR binding affinity.
Research Protocol Applications
Cancer immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment studies
Hepatitis virus clearance and immune restoration research
Sepsis pathophysiology and immune dysfunction investigations
HIV immune reconstitution and viral suppression studies
Vaccine development and adjuvant optimization research
Neurological enhancement and cognitive improvement studies
Autoimmune disease and inflammatory modulation research
Aging-related immune decline and restoration investigations
Clinical Translation Potential
Thymosin Alpha-1 benefits from over four decades of clinical validation with FDA approval and global therapeutic use. The peptide's proven mechanisms in immune enhancement, cancer treatment, and infectious disease management provide unparalleled foundation for investigating novel therapeutic applications in immunodeficiency disorders, oncology, and regenerative medicine.
Research Use Only: Not for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. Handle according to laboratory safety protocols and institutional research guidelines.